Normal Gestation In Dogs

General Information

Gestation is the period when the young are developing in the mother's uterus. In dogs, gestation normally lasts 9 weeks (63 days). However, puppies may be delivered between 58 and 68 days.

Diagnosis of Pregnancy

There are no practical blood or urine tests available to confirm pregnancy in the dog. The earliest possible time of diagnosis may be 26-35 days after breeding, when the doctor may be able to detect pregnancy by feeling the abdomen.  Ultrasound examination early in gestation also can diagnose pregnancy.  Diagnosis by radiographs (x-rays) is usually possible after 45 days.

Physical Changes

During the first 5 weeks of pregnancy, there are few noticeable changes. After the 5th week, you may begin to notice weight gain especially with large litters. If only 1 or 2 puppies are present, the mother may gain little weight until shortly before birth. Abdominal enlargement is generally obvious in the last 3 weeks.

The mammary glands may begin to enlarge as early as the 35th day, but usually development is not obvious until 45 days. Milk may be present as early as 7-9 days before delivery, but usually it is not produced until 1-2 days before delivery.

Behavioral Changes

During pregnancy, the female dog may show a change in behavior especially in the last few weeks. As the uterus enlarges with the developing puppies, your pet may become restless, seek seclusion and in the last few days, soil the house. She may shred papers, blankets or bedding in an attempt at "nest building" in the last weeks. During the last 2 weeks, your pet may become irritable and should avoid contact with small children.

Nutrition

Good nutrition is essential for healthy puppies and mothers. During the first 4 weeks, nutritional needs change little, but feeding high-protein supplements, such as eggs, lean muscle meats, or liver is a good practice.

During the last 5 weeks, your dog's nutritional needs nearly double. Feed increased amounts of food in several small meals each day. Fresh water should always be available, since fluid needs are greatly increased. The doctor may recommend a special diet and/or vitamins.

Exercise